The ideas and opinions expressed in this blog do not necessarily reflect my views, I am just sharing what is out there for your information only. I will make it clear when I make a comment about something I don't agree with. Readers are encouraged to do their own research on the topic if this interests you.
The most important blood groups in transfusion are the ABO blood group system and the RhD blood group system.
Blood groups are determined by a protein (antigen) on the surface of the red cell. So, the ABO system has A and B antigens and the RhD system has the D antigen.
In all, there are 30 major blood group systems. This means a person may be A RhD positive, and at the same time Kell (Kell system) positive, M and N (MNS system) positive and Lea and Leb (Lewis system) positive.
The remaining 15% lack the D antigen and are RhD negative.
Your blood group is defined by your ABO group together with your RhD group. For instance, someone who is group B and RhD negative is known as B-
Blood type
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| Blood groups |
Rh factor
An individual either has, or does not have, the "Rhesus factor" on the surface of their red blood cells. This term strictly refers only to the most immunogenic D antigen of the Rh blood group system, or the Rh- blood group system. The status is usually indicated by Rh positive (Rh+ does have the D antigen) or Rh negative (Rh- does not have the D antigen) suffix to the ABO blood type. However, other antigens of this blood group system are also clinically relevant.
The Rhesus system is named after the Rhesus monkey, following experiments by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener, which showed that rabbits, when immunised with Rhesus monkey red cells, produce an antibody that also agglutinates the red blood cells of many humans.
Distribution of blood groups
A recent abstract from a U.S. Blood Journal can be found here: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/94/12/3986.full?sid=4abbf238-e624-4610-85e4-f9a4730ed3f6
Also in the February issue of Nature Genetics, Ballif and his colleagues report on their discovery of two proteins on red blood cells responsible for these lesser-known blood types.
Ballif identified the two molecules as specialized transport proteins named ABCB6 and ABCG2
Probabilities of Rh negative vs Rh positive babies depending on the father's blood type.
The mother is Rh - in all three instances:
The fact that there are more chances that the children result in Rhesus positive, the Rh negative being 15% throughout the world makes sense.
There are areas in the world where there is a higher concentration of Rhesus negative because they have always remained confined to the same area with more chances of having negatives as a result.
There is a misconception in my opinion concerning the Basque nation. They are mostly documented as having a very high concentration of Rhesus negatives but I have found other areas throughout world where the concentration is as high.
In his book The Origins of the British, Stephen Oppenheimer uses DNA analysis to present genetic arguments linking British ancestry to that of the Basques, but even this evidence only goes back so far. Other studies have suggested that there is a direct line connecting the Basque people with the original hunter-gatherers of Europe. The Basque language is still considered a language isolate in that it has no connections with any other living language.
The Basque people of Spain and France have a high percentage of Rh negative blood. About 30% have (rr) Rh negative and about 60% carry one (r) negative gene. The average among most people is only 157%-Rh negative, while some groups have very little. The Oriental Jews of Israel, also have a high percent Rh negative, although most other Oriental people have only about 1% Rh negative. The Samaritans and the Black Cochin Jew also have a high percentage of Rh negative blood, although again the Rh negative blood is rare among most black people.
Could the Basque people be one of these colonies? Or could it have been the original colony on Earth? The origin of the Basques is unknown. Their language is unlike any other European language. Some believe that Basque was the original language of the book of Genesis. Some believe it was the original language of the world and possibly of the creator.
Two facts set the Basque peoples apart from the other Europeans who have dominated the continent the past 3,000 years: (1) The Basque language is distinctly different; and (2) The Basques have the highest recorded level of Rh-negative blood (roughly twice that of most Europeans), as well as substantially lower levels of Type B blood and a higher incidence of Type O blood.
After researching in different languages and in different countries, I found that the Basques are not unique!
There is indeed a high percentage of Rhesus negatives in the Basque area, however it is not the highest in the world and there are areas where less documentation exists but which also a high concentration of Rhesus negatives in the population is found:
Morocco, Ethiopia, Iraq and maybe more as data is collected and updated.
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| Morocco |
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| Ethiopia |
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| Iraq |
I tried to piece together these different regions just in case they were connected in the remote past but even when there was only one continent (pangea), these areas were not just one land.
As seen on the animation here:
No one knows where the Rh negative humans came from. Most, familiar with blood factors, admit that these people must at least be a mutation if not descendants of a different ancestor. If we are a mutation, what caused the mutation? Why does it continue with the exact characteristics? Why does it so violently reject the Rh factor, if it was in their own ancestry? Who was this ancestor? Difficulties in determining ethnology are largely overcome by the use of blood group data, for they are a single gene characteristic and not affected by the environment.
